Depends on how long it ran. Usually, new engines are set so rich that WOT (wide open throttle) really isn't that bad for it. Granted, it's not something I'd do for fun, but if you got it shut down quickly, it should be fine.
For future reference if you have a run away again, rip off the fuel line, then it will only run a few seconds and you shouldn't hurt yourself. It will make a mess, but it's better than frying your finger trying to kill the engine by plugging the exhaust or hitting the flywheel.
Putting batteries in should help avoid this in the future. However, if you had a TRS (throttle return spring), it would have held the carb closed. That's a safety item that should become a standard thing you seek and install on any nitro rig. It's there to help if your battery pack dies while running.
There are many kinds for many vehicles, this one works pretty good for 21 (big block) engines, but may be too long for small block engines:
http://www3.towerhobbies.com/cgi-bin/wti0001p?&I=LXNFG6&P=7
It connects to the high speed needle neck and wraps around the carb, the little hook connects to the throttle slide on the carb. So even if the ball cup pops off your carb, this will bring the throttle slide in to idle position. Probably the safest and most direct version to use.
Or, any of these:
http://www3.towerhobbies.com/cgi-bin/wti0001p?&I=LXDTA1&P=7
http://www3.towerhobbies.com/cgi-bin/wti0001p?&I=LXVG87&P=7
http://www3.towerhobbies.com/cgi-bin/wti0001p?&I=LXUP98&P=7
http://www.horizonhobby.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=SWK3233
http://www.horizonhobby.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=LOSA9409
http://www.horizonhobby.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=DYN6640
You should be able to use at least one of those on your rig.
As a side note, the best way to kill your engine during "normal" use is to touch the flywheel with a screwdriver handle. Plugging the exhaust also works, but that has a tendency to flood the engine, which makes it hard to start back up.