I have an Eagletree data logger that can measure brushless motor rpm (and also many many other specs). I'll see if I can get a hold of one of the VXL motors and run a test. Not doubting what you are saying Brushlessboy, but if Traxxas mislabeled these motors that would be an industry first. Have you ever heard of anyone running greater than 3S on the 3500?
No never, but the 3.5T Novak at 10500kv is only good for 2s. What a waste. The VXL is a 65amp motor and the speedie is 200 amp continuous, and I think 320amp peak. The numbers are out of whack but they still claim 3s only. I might stick a 4s on one and see what happens....
The maximum cell count/voltage rating for any brushless motor is due to the bearings. Most of the better brushless motors have bearings that can withstand 60K rpm maximum, and a general rule of thumb for extended runs is to keep rpms limited to 35-40K rpms to keep max motor temps within range. The Novak 3.5 on 2S is already at the upper end of the threshold, 3S would damage it in a short amount of time.
There are folks out there who have transplanted high temp ceramic bearings into various brushless motors to enable them to run higher rpms but I've only seen them in drag boat applications.
Before you go throw on a 4S on your VXL, don't forget to disable the BEC and run a UBEC.
If you had a Mamba you would already know that you can run a 3S lipo. So what set-up do you have, if anything? I'll give you one chance to clear yourself. After that I will close this thread since your original question has been answered. If you'd like to continue discussing set-ups you can create a new thread to do so.