hot water, even slightly warmed on the stove, do every thing at the same time, like all the rims together and the wing and hardware and such so that the color is even. and try to keep them off the bottom or flip them or something. as far as time, they can take anywhere from 5 to 40 minutes depending on the color and plastic. your probly using rit dye? the liquid seemed to work better for me then the powder, but it could have just been my color. i used the whole backage with maybe a 1 1/2 gallons of water..not all colors come out right. all depends on the plastic and its density. I've had purples come out blue and reds turn orange. TIP!!!! if your using your wife pasta pot, make sure you boil it after your done.. or you may have purple spagetti.. but dont worry, its harmless, see, look at me, I'm just fine...lol.lol