No, it would just go in protect mode or not work if not plugged right in the receiver. If you connect the battery wrong (reverse polarity) it will fry the esc. I learned that the hardway. I fried a couple escs.
If it doesn't do the calibration right. Maybe it is the esc? maybe contact Horizon...
Make sure the servo is in channel 1. ESC in channel 2 (1 to turn, 2 to burn) and make sure they are plugged in the right way.
After, is the esc giving power to the motor? Make sure all motor connections are plugged in and tight.
Might have to calibrate the esc to the new radio.
Normal esc...